Cracking apparatus



Feb. 22, 1927. 1,618,427

E; w. HARTMAN CRACKING APPARATUS Filed June 9. 1923 e Sheets-Sheet L Invenfor Emanuel W E. w. HARTMAN CRACKING APPARATUS Feb. 22,1927 1618427 Filed June 9 1923 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Firs.

E. W. HARTMAN CRACKING APPARATUS iled 39. 192 5 e Sheets-Shea h ill!!! [nrenfor- Emmue/ W Harf/mm flu Hf/a may TIE. L

e 927 E. w. HARTMAN CRACKING APPARATUS Filed June 9, w;

6 Sheets-Sheet 5 In venfor fmanuel W Harlmm eb 927 E. w. HARTMAN CRACKING APPARATUS Filed June 9, 1923' 5 Sheets-Sheet 6 ME A 7 L 5 r: i \A F H H W A o A 5 5 E R ,0 A 9) M .77.; now ox Feteniezl Eel). 22, i927.

EMANUEL EAETMAN, 011 LOS ANGELES, CALIFGRETIA, ASSIGNGR TQ INTERESTS, 11576., ()F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CQRPDRATIQN G NEVATDBL.

CRACKING APPARATUS.

Application filed June 9,

This invention relates to an improvement in g1 cracking apparatus whereby the apparatus can he operated continuously and the material from which some gasoline has been derived s retreated; such invention heing applicable to the obtaining of gasoline froin'lou; grade petroleum oils or from any petroleum oil or residue containing hydrocarbons the term crude oil being used herein to include all such materials.

The chief objectof this invention is to provide an apparatus which can be continuously oneretccl for cracking crude oil in contra-distinction. to cracking apparatus which can he used only for cracking onebe'tch of crude oil' and must then be prepared for another batch.

In accomplishing the objects of this invention I provide, in e typicel apparatus a cracking apparatus comprising two high pressure stills which the crude oil is hosted first to 725 and then to 900 F., two retorts into which this heated oil is forced under pressure of approximately 600 lbs. per square inch against hot plate crackers and at chamber to which the gaso- "ine cracked from the oil passes from both the stills endretorts and in which it is collected and fed'to the gasoline condensers.

I also rovide in carrying out my invention, in te stills of this apparatus revolving means ,hy which the crude oil being heated is continuously agitated to hasten crecl-zing by w hich the formation of carbon crusts on the wells of the stills is prevented,

r and by which the sediment is forced into a sump from which it is drawn oft; and provide in the retorts revolving moons, and atone end of each cit these retorts n'trep, the revolving means preventing the formation of crusts on the WillS of the retortund feeding this crust-to the tra s.

Other objects and :tccon'iplishlnents of the invention reside in the details of construction and will appear fronie consideration oiihe toll-owing snecificetion of preferred "forms of sppuret us and process, reference being had for this purpose to the drawings which form a part thereofl and in ivhich- Fig. l is a side elevation of this apparatus.

Fill. L- is 21 front elevation;

liig'. is across section taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; the agitators in the stills and rctorts being: cn'iitted;

Fig. 4 a cross section taken along the wee. Serie'i No. seem.

line 4--l of Fig. 1., the cover of one of the:

stills being removed to show an end view of the agitator;

5 is an enlarged section of the noszle by which the heated crude oil is sprayed into the retort;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross section of the end of one of the stills, showing the method of preventing the escape of any oil around the revolving shaft which forms a part of the agitator;

Fig. 7 is a detailed VlBW of one of the traps, by which the sediment is removed from one ofthe stills;

Fig. 8 is a transverse section taken along the line 8 8 of Fig. e.

Fig. 9 is a rear View of the apparatus;

1G is :2 side elevetior of the apparatus, this figure forming with l a side elevation ofthc complete epperetus; end Fig. 11 as sectional View or" the alve which controls the escape of the cracked gasoline from the chamber to the condenser. Referring to the drawings, the reference number :20 is used to designate the cracking apparatus as a Whole, which apparatus comprises the high pressure stills A; the re torts B, the collecting chamber G, and the parts appurtenant therewith, all enclosed within the Walls of 'a furnace D. The two stills A and the two retorts B are identical in. construction and only one of each will therefore be described; the same reference numerals, however being used on hoth. The still A is of cylindrical formation, being preferably composed of a metal tube 2i having flanges 22 and 23, at each end and closed by means of caps 24 end 25, which are also provided with flanges 26 end 27, similar in formation to the flanges 22 end The caps 24 and 25 are secured to the tube .21 by means of bolts 28 which pass through the flanges 22, 26 and 23, 2'? respectively. In order to seal the space between the flanges, suitable pecking 29 may he em ploycd. In the cap 25 is formed an eper turc 30, defined by an outwardly projecting boss 31 and inwardly projecting boss 32. The boss 32 is preferably braced by suitilllllLl'lllS integral therewith- Through the aperture 30 and the bosses 31 and 32 extends e. shaft 3 1 which nctuates agitatinc, mechanism 35.

in the boss 3-2 is formed a cylindrical of the rear end,

' :mries of lmi'izientzill eiiiienling blades is JNlJlGll are securely m'mmoel {W m li id fjllflll'll m El i. in iicrli suilnble imcliii' iii" m pinned. 'lilie We we illi'el'lllll iv znrmigml lljlmil arms; as elmwii in l i mid; 8. film Hie n L embmrlimem; fem: i these blades elmivi'i :iml the iii-ms .3: are com mpomlin :usiiiingeflin sets; 0 1111.3 being; prefel'ii imiegml with each Ulllli in males ii mippefvt U5, which lzeyell m lille shall: 214i, 'lT-litP' number laluclw and suppoi'l'e being W tfld lie :m'lliiig to the size Hill capacity nil? llll': stills.

'l lie retells B are similar in. general c011- sti'uelioii lTO the stills; A Mini arising; a mini. tube 50 having llzmges 1 2 at the (is MIL :3 thereof, and eh Gfil by wipe 53 and J4; Wliieh l'lELVL-l llmw'es 155 and 536 wl'iiel'i egninst the llm 51 mil f'iiZ, zmcl are secured thereto by I came ell bolls 537', suitable packing 58 iiln'mzgljli mi -lineal by sin exl'ei'imi bolas 5.39, and an. immml boss 60. Tllmmgzh the bosses and. 5U e? emlis pipe (il the nozzle 6:? of "which. lmklflfi against {he inner ei'n'l oi. the lJOnfi which is internally fOIlfltiifl in wineil'le with the outer fern: oi the nozzle. .A'Ll'UllI Kl the pipe 61 bel'iiml the nozzle iii there iu'ovirlecl in the lmssee 5% and 38 El (ffllilll'lllfl? iii? in which i-iuiieble packing; G4: ii-m lled lhiepaclzing; may be similar i0 iii Licking previously described in cenwn'witll the stills All, and is held under compression by means if a sleeve termimating in 21 plate (iii, The position of the plate 66, with reference to the. lines 59, may be iregizleleil b inosms nil belts; ($7 so is 10 mlj 11st: the pill-king; (T l,

flu mwler to hold the pipe: 6]. in place Willi the muzzle 6:3 in LlOSE: emll'zxelr Willi lhe lanes 60, enil'nlile slir 4.38 zu'e' jncwicled. 'lfhese i e are meuial'ecl upen the boss 5E) and we eonmwiecl by :1 plate (ill in wliicli'ii '50 is muunii-xil. Thiseerew beers :igainel: l mb "El and the pi kl (51, ml. by tightening the eerew, the noza'zzle 652 is, fart-eel ii? .3 into pm: 71011 211ml held there regmxlless pl the llkJllllUlm pin we to which i is subjeeli Eueli still ,l connected with ille retort ll HlH'flV-U it in means of {'Olhlllll'ii fix; lieu: silmwm l1 smell cmntluils are lilli'nltlml; bill: if: is olri'i that l lie number can be varied 215 ii; found desirable ll". Ul'll'fll' in in- \Ju 1e ciamnlmi' eimilmr in :fel'nmtion to the stills; A and relorie 3, comprising a metal tube "53 having flanges el and F5 211'; the ends thereof 13ml lieing dosed lay mp1s 76mm 7'2" pmvirlecl \VltlLllQHIgEFJ 7&1 mnl H3 and lmlrl ill. pleuee by bolts ill). Pmirlaing 81 lietiseen the flanges elem provided in order to eeiil. the ClU-FSLU'ES.

The elizilnbeir ll .lF; C(Hl'llfifillfll 1:0 110th retails by means: of a plurality of CUIlLllllllS 82 and i0 ii'fllll stills ll. by means of pipes 83, "which are here :iilmlvtl of i fermntirim Rie- 11 mm and cumi Gil in the collecting elinmlver '3 are iimvers i l, each 'iJOWLH, being provided Wilt-l1 l suitable adjustable valve. @5 which "valve umiqn'ises :1 plate 5K5 carried by a stem 87 Mill held in :1 "eat 82 by means oil suimlile asp-in" 8v. l is sapling; is l0- iilifill, between :1 pie 91') arm'rirj ll on the "Hive stem c1? lhmugh which the zilve stem 8? projects. 'lly clmi'iginq the eeilzien of the plug 91, the tenision 1 the spring enn (wiivil'nmly be reguand :1 lieifew ilnemlerl plug 91 lutelli These leweiis are eunnl'eelecl by pipes 92 [n a angle conduit 93 which leads to the condensers not shown,

iiicrewell in the lower side of each of the stills .il mijzment the inner enzl is :1 pipe Dal, wliieli is m meeieii in n .sem :3 ol' mils 95 i. a .ig inst l lllfi rjltiC W1 lire; ul the fur- :mee l and enclosed by 1110:1115 0i :1 plate E li. The purpeee 21ml ihmclieu oi illGSQ pipes: will be ilisseloriecl herein lJE'lOW.

lfn order." l0 remove the residue from the stille ill, :1 sump 5)? 1H iii'wicleil in each still ii -0m the l( a; pminlf of which :1, pipe leads in :1 imp fill pielei'iihly eel the inter-- iilitlteni m il'ul'siltiilg lipe 21ml having an out M; we.

The .ifllli'llllL'Q l) umnprises the side Walls 10L COIHWC'lULl by :i Yep 102 mull also by girdera; 103, which ext-1nd lJGlGW mid support the stills fl, mill, in fuel, the entire appaaturs. In order to prevent the destruction oi. the girders 103 by reason of the heal; of the 1101:, th se are imiuedclecl in liiieli', as is swam": in i l. E lll'i. ble pillars; 10 mi brill; are 111mm the eeni'ei." 0i? llm iln mue: mi F'llUWlll in 1 and 3 in orclel' i0 suppqit Elm -gfii'l'lere 10% The rem Willi 10.; ml? the 'lmimice provided "with an angle slwpe ill!) ill. (the helium and H PM eetii g pnrlien '11)? having a smoul'h imgulznr miller face 1.33, the s-lupe 106 and lime lOll being formed in clelleetllie lle ntagainst ilie ends of flu: stills a l. A.

The inner ends el {he rclm'ts B extend begmmrl l1 1 wall nf the furnace as shown 1m jvmm'ly in Fi e; l 21ml, are There plCWldPll will: i'u'ps L053, ii'liieli 1112i be 01 {my :suiinhle inlermillenlly uetimliotl type, ihe llf- 'liilil" me xlizmi' 111 m: in mulion by the elm H0. LT inle l in each retort B is a revolving scraper and agitator 111, which is similar in general construction to theagitator in the stills A.' Instead, however, oil-having the blades extending longitudinally in a straight line adjacent the Walls of the retort the blades are'twisted,

as shown in the drawings, so that as a result,

the agitator blades will cause any crust scraped from the walls ofthe retort to travel toward the trap-109.

This agitator 111 cctnprises'a plurality of blades 112 sccured at one end t9 a solid disc erably the same type as that previously de scribed surroundin the shaft 35, and the pipe fi1. 'lhe'puc king 118., is duly compressed by means of asleeve 119 having at its outer end a flange 120, suitable bolts 121 projecting through the flange 120 into the boss 116,-perniitting the ad ustment of the packing 118.

Between the disc 113 and the annular plate 114 are provided a series of floating rings 122 to which the blades 112 are secured. The rings 122 thu's actto space the intermediate portions of the blades .112 and at the same time do not interfere with the introduction of the crude oil under pressure from the nonzle 62. At the rear of the apparatus is provided an upright 123, in which the outer ends of the shafts and are supported.

Mount-ed upon this upright 123 is a motor 124, by which the shafts 11.0 and 115 are rotat-ed. The motor, which is of any suitable form, is provided with gear 125, which meshes with a gear 126 on the shaft 115,

and that gear in turn mcshes'with agear 127 on the shaft 110. Thus'the motor 124 causes the agitator 111. to rotate and also actuales the trap 109. ,The inner ends of the retorts B are spaced from the stills A by columns 128 which may be replaced by conduits similar to the conduits 72 if desired.

As previously pointed out, the stills A, the retorts B in large part,'and the chamber C, are substantially enclosed by the walls of the furnace. These walls, however, do not extend in front of the apparatus, and it is accordingly desired to close the furnace by the use of metal plates, as shown particularly in Fig. 2. This is best done by means of a T-beam 129, which is firmly scoured to a boss 130 on the cap 76 and also to the base of the furnace in any suitable way. Metal plates 131 suitably shaped to allow for the passage of the bosses 31 and 59, are rigidly secured to the flanges oi the T-beam 129 and also to the top and side walls of the furnace, as shown particularly in Fig. 2, suitable packing being provided.

The outer end of each coil 95 passes both of the pumps will be connected with the pipe 133. Feed by each of the pumps 132 is a pipe line 136, which is provided at its upper end with branches 137 leading to the pipe 61 at the retortsB. Suit-able valves 138 are provided in the'pipe line 136, to regulate the'supply of crude oil from each pump. In the coil 95 between the plate 131 and the pump 132 is a valve 139 by which the feed from the coil to the pump is controlled'.

- At the outer end of each shaft 34 is pro .vided a large gear 140, which gears are connected by means of the chainll, so that both rotate in unison; 'Each shaft 34 is also provided with a sprocket 142, which is con n-ected by means of a chain 143, with a sprocket 144 on the shaft 145 of the trap 99.

A suitable motor 146 is'connected to the,

other .end' of' one shaft 145 so that by it, through the connecting gearing, the traps 9.) and the agitators 35 of the stills are actuated. The high pressure puinps 132 are driven from a motor 147' by means of sprocket and chain connections 148.

A thermometer 150 and, gage 151 are con nected with the stills A so that the tempera ture of the stills and the amount or" crude oil therein can be deteri'nined easily. The furnace 1) may be heated in any suitable manner but it has been found most convenient to employ gas or oil burners 152 in the fire box 153 supplied from the condenser by means not shown. The heat generated by .the burners 152 rises around the stills A, re-

torts B and chamber 0 and passes oil through the stack 154. Thus the walls of the retorls B are heated and function'as cracker plates breaking up the crude oil sprayed against l'hen jtrointheinozzle 62.

The operation of this-apparatus is as follows. i r

The cracking apparatus crude oil to be treated by means or the pumps 132 from the intake pipe 133, passin through the pipe line 136, the branches 131, the pipe 61 and the nozzle (32 into ,the-

is filled with the l to retorts B, and from the retortsll through.

the pipes 72 into the stills A which have already been heated by the burners 1152.

During the filling the agitators 35 are rotat-ed, the traps '99 being kept closed in any,

suitable manner and valves 139 being closed when the gages 1 51 indicate tha lt the stills are three-quarters full the valves 134, 135

LEM

mi. and ii erode oil in ihe oiiiiis is in about T F. during which some, Hi3 gosos ein'iwin g' f line wiii separate a "mi to tho chamber U through pipes; 83. i

i ooci op oyed h the homie if o ls ii nguinal? iio heated wniis tho hot oii is sprayed hy the woiis of HM: i'etoi'tiai 1 mi. from there puss iIMZO the ioweis 8%. The valves era are set oi: a preiiieioiii'nioeei ionsioii so ihm'; as soon as this; reoieilwi iFhe ohiies So will he lifted and the WESS'UII'UUgiI tho pipe :2 into the omuienoizir .iiilO 9Z3 The oiiomeiieii oil iniha to tho hofiem oi tho ilrotoi'is and. returns through ihe pipes 'i'fZ in the, stills A Where ii whipped up by tho ogitoiors 351i and, suhjeei'eci to greater hoot. hi; this step in (he process, other gases will he 'oekeii under the influence oi? the stirring heat and wiii. vise i'hlx'mgh the pipes; 8? ciii'eeiiy' to the collecting chum hor U Tho remaining through the coils oil retreated; wooing; {)5 to the pump 1363 and heiii iigiiin s 'ilayei'i into the i'oi'oi'is ii. The .ropetflioo off this operation iogethor with the illi'QBSG heat resnits in I'm-their hroukitog up oi Eho oil and. tho oepo 'iii'ion of more. giiizoiii'io carrying gases. its the oymi'ntion is oomoiooeii i'ho hives 123; and 135 are again opened to snppiy 1i ceeizlin amount of oiiiimieii oil so no to keep tho mnounix being: iill'fiim'lti hi thestiiis up io the predei'ei'nlined ohiouni. A certain pereoiiizige oi? tho oil is "memes m; an inert residue, whieh oolieeis in o mumps 5)? oi? ho Bi, and passin o'ii' ihioiig i'i ihe traps UJ which have again been eei'r in moiion.

ihie o1 ihe ereni' (hanger- {H(?-ililil in oil ei'ziehiiig :immmios ire [he i'ormziiioii on Uh: iimei' WaiiiH of he i'eiioi'ir-z and si'iihs. oi ii osnhon ei "\11-:i "\TiliifiL ii' allowed in eoiiei'i. w li pveieni iii" radio Htiii from he the ieioils Mui Vine: is .eii new? prim-i we zii'lei H on .hri' it vermin if} i or 1. ii'e'iy iiy his eoehoo iwiihie. "Wm provision iii i'hisi nmiimioo of {he feli gih oi Limo. in mop H m iiiff Wiiihi oi iho iii agitators; iii; moi 111 in tho eiii i and retoi'ts pi'e'ienl'rji i'ho :HfilljlliUiiliiUN oi this moist nod. keeps the inner woiio clean, so that the noeessi'ily ifoi' otoppih the operation of the op PHIEIUIS which oxioied with the old. aching :ippumiuo is ohvioi'ieiii The traps; 1.05) oi; the inner emio of the iretoi'iio ii reduce tho amount of residue in the otiiis A, since the crush ociaipoc i from the Woiis by the ugitw iioi'h ll l oncl Whieh wi'iuhi otherwise pass through the pipos into the stiiis, is dii-eeily removed.

-V'Hiiio one. eiuhmiimeoii oi this invention has hee'n shown and iieeeeihefli, I am 1101; ho ho limited i'heieio hiflifi it is ohvious that; oi'iheas may he .nmrie Wiihoni chpoiting from the spirit and scope or the ii'ivention ms Fourth iii ihe following; ohiime.

Having thus so ifoi'izh one eoflgodimeniu of my invemion Whoi; Iii p. m as new and for which I (.iesiie tho 1.11miori-Iioo of i iettoro Pot em; is---- 1, A erurio oii smoking opporotus com. prising o stiil in. which the oil .0 be cracked 1s heziieci, coils; in which .idho oil peseilig from said siiii is ouiiei'heoieih a pump, o 1miaio through which tho oil from said coils is iiforeeii by mid pump, 21 lbiiOlij into which said. nozzle opi'mo o oi'iiiectiog chamber, pipes eonneeizing said. chamber with said still onci siiid retort; through which the gasoline cor-- .i'yiog gasses oi'oo ed :Fioiii paws. o furnace enolosx; ouii'i. still, coils iretori, and pipes and mums io oohi ZEULZHDLCE for hookingizho eneiosed ports,

2. In on zqrppoiwituo off Um type setforth in eioim l an agitator in mid sLiii, memos for actuating soioi ogicofor to tho oil being heated constantly in motion and means or removing the inert: oneiiolmhlo residue.

3 In on Zll'ilhll'fltilin of tho type set forlh io ehiim L :m ughaiioi in oohl retort moons-i 'ioi."actuating said :igif'utoi." to sol-ope agoim;

the i i-oils oif iihe retort and prevent the formation of crust lhereoh.

ii. In an apparatus oii ihe t set forth in claim 1 an agitator in said retort, tme1ms for hetouiingg Sllili ogiioioi' in so w o flgl'il il'ifiil tho hi'i lis of the retort and PYBVGJZ'IE the forumtum o'i' (:ifustthei omi, one end of sand retort exteoolng beyond the Wtliifi oi: said 'i'umoco and :1 iiep eormeei'm], to the oritehded emi of ehiim i. menu-o for siiippiyingg erui'ie oil lo 1 mid pump independent OIi' the supply iroro riaiiii, coiio.

e mooted. oil

Tomoved from ing a still in which the oil to be cracked 1s heated, coils in which the oil passing from said still is superheated, a pump, a nozzle through which the oil from said coils is forced by said pump, a retort into {which said nozzle opens, a collectingrhain er, pipes connecting said chamber with said still and said retort throngh. which the gasoline carrying gases cracked from thetreated oil pass, a furnace enclosing said st ll, co1ls ,retort chamber, collecting chamber, and pipes and means in said furnace for heating the enclosedparts.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my 15 signature.

EMANUELW. HARTMAN. 

